Cardiovascular01
Heart
Thorax · mediastinum
A muscular pump that moves blood through the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
Key learning point
The right heart supplies the pulmonary circuit; the left heart supplies the systemic circuit.
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Respiratory02
Lungs
Thorax · pleural cavities
Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood.
Key learning point
The right lung has three lobes and the left has two. Gas exchange occurs at the alveoli.
Nervous03
Brain
Head · cranial cavity
Integrates sensory information and coordinates movement, cognition, and autonomic regulation.
Key learning point
The cerebrum supports higher functions, the cerebellum coordinates movement, and the brainstem supports vital regulation.
Digestive04
Liver
Abdomen · predominantly right upper quadrant
Processes nutrients, produces bile, and participates in metabolism and detoxification.
Key learning point
The liver receives blood through both the hepatic artery and the portal vein.
Digestive05
Stomach
Abdomen · left upper quadrant
Stores food and begins mechanical and chemical digestion.
Key learning point
The stomach connects the esophagus to the duodenum.
Urinary06
Kidneys
Posterior abdomen · retroperitoneal
Filter blood and regulate fluid, electrolytes, and acid–base balance.
Key learning point
Urine travels from each kidney through a ureter to the urinary bladder.
Digestive / endocrine07
Pancreas
Upper abdomen · behind the stomach
Produces digestive enzymes and hormones including insulin and glucagon.
Key learning point
The exocrine pancreas releases enzymes into the duodenum; endocrine islets release hormones into blood.
Lymphatic08
Spleen
Abdomen · left upper quadrant
Filters blood and contributes to immune surveillance.
Key learning point
The spleen is a lymphoid organ, not a digestive organ.
Digestive09
Intestines
Abdominal and pelvic cavities
Digest and absorb nutrients; the large intestine absorbs water and forms stool.
Key learning point
Most nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine.
Urinary10
Urinary bladder
Pelvis · behind the pubic symphysis
Stores urine before it is eliminated through the urethra.
Key learning point
The bladder is a distensible muscular organ.
Skeletal11
Skeleton
Axial or appendicular skeleton
Provides support, protection, and lever arms for movement.
Key learning point
The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
Muscular12
Muscles
Attached to or within body structures
Contract to produce movement, stabilize joints, and generate heat.
Key learning point
Skeletal muscles usually act across joints and attach through tendons.
Cardiovascular13
Arteries
Throughout the body
Carry blood away from the heart.
Key learning point
Arteries are defined by direction of flow, not oxygen content. Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood.
Cardiovascular14
Veins
Throughout the body
Return blood toward the heart.
Key learning point
Pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
Nervous15
Nerves
Central and peripheral nervous systems
Transmit signals between the central nervous system and body tissues.
Key learning point
Peripheral nerves may contain both sensory and motor fibers.
Integumentary16
Skin
External body surface
Provides a protective barrier and supports sensation and temperature regulation.
Key learning point
The skin comprises epidermis and dermis, with subcutaneous tissue beneath.
Introductory anatomy summaries. Reference: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology 2e, Rice University, CC BY 4.0. Not a substitute for a supervised medical curriculum.